For years we've heard that to protect yourself from heart disease you should follow a "low fat" diet. Even many hospitals and health professionals still stick to this rule of low fat diets at the risk of omitting heart healthy foods. New research from the Women's Health Initiative dietary modification trial published in the February 8th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association reported their findings of an 8-year follow up study. One of the reports showed that postmenopausal women who followed a low fat (20% of calories from fat) diet did not have a lower risk of heart disease. This makes things confusing since we have been taught for years that low fat equals better heart health. The two go hand in hand like peanut butter and jelly. Before we all ditch the low fat model and rush to eat our favorite high fat fare there are a few more pieces to this puzzle to know.
This study did have some limitations. First of all, they were depending on self-reporting from the participants for an 8 year process. This of course leads room for discrepancies since we all eat on auto pilot most of the time. It would be hard to say you followed a strict low fat diet for 8 years without writing down what you ate every day. Also they didn't take into account other lifestyle factors such as exercise or stress management. All can contribute to the risk level of heart disease. Not only that, some of the authors disclosed they had their hands in the pharmaceutical cookie jar…another article for another time.
Limitations or no limitations the study still shows that postmenopausal women who likely were following a fairly low fat diet still were shown not to improve their heart health. This actually doesn't surprise me in the least. The old general low fat diet is no longer the most effective heart healthy diet. A matter of fact, some fats are shown to protect our heart.
So let's get down to the details. There are fats that are protective and fats that are shown to increase risk. Decreasing certain fats is still a good rule of thumb. These fats are saturated fats which are found in animal products, coconut and palm kernel oil. So sticking with lean meats such as poultry and fish, and choosing low fat dairy products is still a good choice. The second fat to decrease is Trans Fats which are found in many packaged convenience foods including certain margarines, crackers, and chips. Trans Fats are now located on the nutrition label under "Fats".
Now, just because a food is high in fat or all fat doesn't mean it will put us at risk of heart disease. For example fats found in nuts, olive oil, canola oil, avocados, flax seeds, and fish oils have been found to be protective for the heart by helping to lower cholesterol and decrease inflammation. This wouldn't go along with the old rule of the low fat diet. In fact, just last year one of the hospitals in my local area was still telling people they couldn't have natural peanut butter or avocados on their heart healthy diet. It's time to update those handouts with new research. This doesn't mean more is better either. There is a proper balance of adding healthy fats to the diet, around 30% of calories from fat.
A Heart Healthy diet is not just about the fats. There are all kinds of foods that you can add that help lower cholesterol and protect your heart by providing powerful antioxidants. For example, blueberries are one power player for heart health by providing antioxidants and research supports that it can lower cholesterol. All from a tiny, little, round fruit. Simply adding oatmeal every day or adding a little honey to your tea can help lower cholesterol. There are many foods we can add for heart health and they pack a serious punch.
The last thing to note on this study is that we are looking at a very general look into low fat diets. Unfortunately, one size doesn't fit all. One person may have family history of heart disease which may put them at greater risk. Another person may want to lose some weight along with lowering cholesterol. This person may need to follow a little lower fat than the other since fat does carry a lot of calories. Everyone is different and while general health guidelines are important, if you are someone who needs more detailed information then seek some help from a professional that can give you an individualized plan.
(c) 2006 Meri Raffetto
Owner of Real Living Nutrition Services, Meri Raffetto is a Registered Dietitian and recognized professional in the area of nutrition and wellness. She specializes in weight management and offers online programs to help people reach their weight loss and health goals. Sign up for her free e-newsletter at http://www.reallivingnutrition.com
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